As most of us are now preparing for summer holiday, here some useful advice from PJ Cousin, author of “Natural Recipe for a perfect skin” and Director of Cure By Nature in Replingham Road London
skin protection chart
As most of us are now preparing for summer holiday, here some useful advice from PJ Cousin, author of “Natural Recipe for a perfect skin” and Director of Cure By Nature in Replingham Road
Some exposure to sunlight is obviously beneficial, by stimulating the production of vitamin D, a substance essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones, but regular, prolonged sunbathing and exposure to ultraviolet rays is terribly destructive.The dangers have increased considerably in reecent years, due to destruction of the ozone layer in the upper part of the atmosphere.
There are two type of Ultraviolet rays. UVB rays short-wave burn the two outer layers of the skin. Only 10% of the UVB rays reach the Dermis; but these dangerous rays act upon the all important collagen-elastin structure causing its rapid dissociation, and a significant loss of skin elasticity.
Strongest at low latitudes and high altitudes UVA long-wave ray penetrate deeper into the skin, weakening the skin's inner tissue and contributing even more to aging, wrinkling, and loss of elasticity. Although UVB Rays are considered responsible for sunburns and most skin cancers- more than 90% of the skin cancers in the United States are attributed to UVB exposure- UVA rays penetrates the skin deeper than UVB rays and may cause deeper damage that can lead to skin cancer,  `
Almost all sunscreens protect against UVB rays, but nothing is available to screen out all UVA rays. Even sunscreens offering a high Sun Protection Factor (SPF), your skin is still vulnerable to damage from UVA rays. SPF is a standardized measurement of a sunscreen's ability to protect the skin and prevent sunburn. Some researchers estimate that sunscreens advertising UVA protection are actually offering protection equal to only SPF 3 or 4 for the UVA rays, even though the SPF is shown to be higher for UVB rays).
Having a tan is little protection from skin damage because it provides protection equal to an SPF of 2. To be on the safe side , always reduce by half the stated protection of any product. A cream labelled as Factor 10, for certain type of skin and in particular external conditions ( wind, dilution of cream by salted water, heavy perspiration etc...) offer only a Factor 5 protection. Be aware also that US sunscreen have a Sun Protection Factor lower the european equivalent
You can establish quickly with the following table your phototype, and how much tan is safe for you: